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History's Happenings for April 25

U.S. Declares War on Spain
1898

The American public had long been subjected to a media barrage of vituperation against the treatment of Cuban nationals by their Spanish colonial masters, and recently reports of Americans being harassed had surfaced as well. Lurid newspaper graphics depicting American women being strip-searched by Spanish authorities served the purpose of rallying the American public for war against Spain.

Behind the rhetoric lay a natural American desire to see Cuba gain her freedom, as well some old fashioned commercial greed cloaked in Manifest Destiny.

When the battleship U.S.S. Maine, sent to protect American citizens and interests from the public unrest in Cuba, suddenly exploded in Havana harbor taking with it 266 officers and men, the media screamed for war.

After a hestitant President McKinley ordered a blockade of Cuba in early April, the Spanish declared war on April 24, and the U.S. followed suit the next day.

After considerable effort in assembling and trans-shipping a military force from Florida, by the end of summer, it was all over. Victories by the Fifth Army Corps, culminating in the charge up San Juan Hill by future president Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders, tamed Cuba and Puerto Rico by the end of July. In the Pacific, Commodore Dewey's fleet, which had already been posted to Hong Kong with war warning orders prior to the outbreak, attacked and subdued Manila in the Philippines, raising the U.S. flag over that capital in August.

The Spanish, never anxious for this war with the United States, sued for peace and cosigned a treaty with U.S. representatives in Paris, France, on December 12, 1898. The result was Cuba's freedom, under temporary U.S. occupation, and the cession to the U.S. of the Philippine Islands and Guam in the Pacific, and Puerto Rico and a variety of smaller Spanish possessions in the Caribbean.

The U.S held the Philippines, despite various nationalist revolutions over the years, until after World War II, when it was granted independence in return for its efforts against the Japanese. Guam and Puerto Rico remain U.S. dependencies.

America Gets Her Name
1507

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Ground Broken for Suez Canal
1859

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Allies Begin Ill-Fated Gallipoli Campaign
1915

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U.S., Soviet Troops Meet on Elbe
1945

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Delegates Meet to Organize UN
1945

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St. Lawrence Seaway Opens to Traffic
1959

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Sandinista Rule Ends in Nicaragua
1990

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