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Today in History
History's Happenings for June 13
V-1's Hit London -- Missile Age Born
(Stay tuned for a write-up on this event.
Alexander the Great Dies in Babylon
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Department of Labor Created
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Boxer Rebellion Breaks Out in China
In the latter part of the nineteenth century, imperial China had endured British oppression during the unfortunate Opium Wars, and had had clashes with a variety of other foreign powers, most hoping to gain economic hegemony as the old empire unwound. From this wellspring of xenophobia sprang a secret society of ordinary Chinese called, in English, the Boxers. By 1899 the Boxers had carried their detestation of foreign influence to the point of rebellion, killing both foreign nationals and Chinese Christians in an effort to wash their country clean of western influence wherever it had made inroads. The Chinese government, nominally ruled by its emperor Kuang-Hsü, but really under the thumb of aging Empress Dowager T'zu-Hsi ("Susie" to western elites of the time), played both sides, secretly supporting the Boxer cause. As the insurgency reached Peking, the Empress openly threw her support to the Boxers, ordering the killing of all foreigners. When the German Consul, seeking out the Empress in pursuit of peace, was hacked down by Chinese guards, the foreign legations quickly sealed themselves off in the embassy quarter of the ancient walled city and undertook a brave but crude defense destined to last 55 days. On August 14, 1900, troops representing most of the besieged legations, including British, French, American, German, Russian and Japanese forces, entered Peking and proceeded to invest the city and end the siege. A peace treaty was subsequently signed on September 7, 1901. In 1908, both T'zu-Hsi and emperor Kuang-Hsü died on the same day, leaving a toddler -- P'u-Yi -- as heir. The ancient empire met its final end in a republican revolution only a few years later.
NYC Honors Lindbergh With Ticker Tape
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New York Times Publishes "Pentagon Papers"
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